The Meaning of Other in Sociology

In classical sociology, other is a concept in the study of social life through which we define relationships. We encounter two distinct types of others in relation to ourselves. Significant Other A â€Å"significant other† is someone about whom we have some degree of specific knowledge and thus we pay attention to what we perceive to be his or her personal thoughts, feelings or expectations. In this case, significant does not mean that the person is important, and it doesnt refer to the common parlance of a romantic relationship. Archie O. Haller, Edward L. Fink, and Joseph Woelfel of the University of Wisconsin performed the first scientific research and measurements of the influence of significant others on individuals. Haller, Fink, and Woelfel surveyed 100 adolescents in Wisconsin and measured their educational and occupational aspirations while also identifying the group of other individuals who interacted with the students and were mentors for them. Then they measured the impact of the significant others and their expectations for the teens educational possibilities. The results found that the expectations of the significant had the single most powerful influence on the students own aspirations. Generalized Other The second type of other is the â€Å"generalized other,† which we experience primarily as an abstract social status and the role that goes with it. It was developed by George Herbert Mead as a core concept in his discussion of the social genesis of the self. According to Mead, the self lives in an individuals ability to account for himself as a social being. This also requires a person to account for the role of the other as well as how his or her actions could affect a group. The generalized other represents the collection of roles and attitudes that people use as a reference to figure out how to behave in any particular situation. According to Mead: Selves develop in social contexts as people learn to take the roles of their consociates such that they can with a fair degree of accuracy predict how one set of actions is likely to generate fairly predictable responses. People develop these capacities in the process of interacting with one another, sharing meaningful symbols, and developing and using language to create, refine, and assign meanings to social objects (including themselves). For people to engage in complex and intricate social processes, they have to develop a sense of expectations--the rules, roles, norms, and understanding that make responses predictable and understandable. When you learn these rules as distinct from others, the aggregate comprises a generalized other. Examples of the Other A significant other: We might know that the corner grocery store clerk likes children or does not like it when people ask to use the restroom. As an â€Å"other,† this person is significant in that we pay attention not only to what grocers are generally like, but also what we know about this particular grocer. A generalized other: When we enter a grocery store without any knowledge of the grocer, our expectations are based only on knowledge of grocers and customers in general and what is usually supposed to take place when they interact. Thus when we interact with this grocer, our only basis for knowledge is the generalized other.

Analysis Of How Of Tame A Wild Tongue - 1507 Words

Seth Mauck Professor MacDonald Comp 099 Oct. 11,2016 Cracks in Culture In Gloria Anzaldà ºa article â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† she shows us how different worlds so close can be so different. Anzaldà ºa shows that people have restricted freedom in society by the social norms set in them. Anzaldà ºa pressed her awareness and distraught on how people treat her depending on the type of language she uses. She also explains some of her emotions towards the way people are like with speaking and listening to accents. The article is how Anzaldà ºa explains how culture and accent shapes a person’s identity by being controlled and oppressed to fit into the social norms, which is how she creates cracks using language and code switching. Anzaldà ºa cannot be defined by any one culture because of the area of Texas she lives in, the languages she speaks, her identity, and where she fits into society. In the United States, the most common language people speak is English because it surpasses the language border. Culture leans more to the sides of men and that they can do more than a woman can do in society. The founding fathers were all men that created the Declaration of Independence. Men of that time expected to be well dressed, socially responsible in how they acted, and what they said. Women were held to higher standards because the women made sure everything was in order in the house and that the children had at least one good example for how to live in society. The expectations I grew upShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of How To Tame A Wild Tongue1713 Words   |  7 Pages In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† by Gloria Anzaldua, she speaks from personal experiences she grows up with while living as a Chicana in the United States. Throughout her life she was subjected to being oppressed because of her native language. From a very young age she felt as if she was not allowed to express and acknowledge herself while speaking Spanish. Anzaldua believes that â€Å"If you want to really hurt me, talk bad about my language. Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity – I amRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem How Of Tame A Wild Tongue 1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe essay, â€Å"How to tame a wild tongue† written by Gloria Anzaldua is a staggering piece on important social issues such as racism, cultural differences, individuation, and domination. Anzaldua believes that her language is yet the most central and important component for her ethnic identity as a person. If her language is threatened, then her individuality is threatened. Sh e basically responds to the violence she experienced as her character was restricted in this dominating society that she wasRead MoreAnalysis Of How To Tame A Wild Tongue By Taloria Anzaldà ºa987 Words   |  4 Pagesto let it tear you down? Within the short text â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† this idea is explored in numerous ways as the various groups of Hispanics and women attempt to gain more rights within their community and society as a whole. They come to the realization that the ways in which they are treated is in an unjust manner, making them feel insignificant and powerless. Therefore, in Gloria Anzaldà ºa’s â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† she confronts how many Hispanic minorities, especially women, areRead MoreTame A Wild Tongue Summary1113 Words   |  5 Pages Rhetorical analysis of â€Å"How to tame a wild tongue â€Å" Activist, Gloria Anzaldua’s narrative excerpt â€Å"How to tame a wild tongue† She Goes into depth of ethnic identity, While knocking down walls of linguistic and identity down. How one would identify themselves while broadcasting the struggles any person with culture has felt. She uses ethos, pathos, and logos alongside all 5 senses making the reader feel they witness the struggles she went through if not witness then actuallyRead MoreBecoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender (Devor1029 Words   |  5 Pagesidentity as unfortunate by-products. The Xicano (Chicano) was able to evolve and retain their cultural identity and ethnicity by creating a border dialect or language (a Patois) which supports the view of the essayist Gloria Anzaldua’s â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.† This dialect is viewed as sub-cultured jargon in their homeland (Mexico) where Standard Mexican Spanish is spoken and the Working Class English is demanded by their adopted host north of the border, America. Ultimately, the appropriationRead MoreA Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1779 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† Critical Analysis When Anzaldua says â€Å"So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language† she wants you to feel every aspect of what she is saying. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† she persuades her readers to believe this and that she has went through hell to fight for what she believes in. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† is published in Borderlands/La Frontera, by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"the book talks about how she is concerned with many kinds of borders--betweenRead MoreLanguage Is More Violent Than War?1426 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards. Langue is a part of our culture it’s how we begin to communicate with those around us. In this article she explains how Chicanos express themselves through language, we speak different English than White Americans and we speak different Spanish than Mexicans. We get criticized by both for speaking incorrectly; I think it’s important to shine light on the oppression of language in today’s life and how it affects our culture. I will discuss how our culture and language shapes our identityRead MoreSpeaking Spanish in the USA1412 Words   |  6 Pagesspeaking Spanish only, and then I regained the Mexican accent that had faded away during the school year. My experience learning English was different from what earlier Spanish speaking generations in the United States dealt with. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† Gloria Anzaldà ºa writes, â€Å"being caught speaking Spanish at recess†¦ that was good for three licks on the knuckles with a sharp ruler† (Anzaldà ºa 374). Born in 1942, a few years later Anzaldua was dealing with physical abuse to discourage herRead MoreHow to Tame a Wild Tongue1952 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"My Perspective of a Wild Tongue† â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†, by Gloria Anzaldua, is a very expressive story about a Mexican American women’s struggle to preserve her culture. Her main fight revolves around a struggle to keep a form of Spanish, called â€Å"Chicano Spanish†, a live. In the short story she says, for a people who cannot entirely identify with either standard (formal, Castilian) Spanish, or standard English, what recourse is left to them but to create their own language?(pageRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1382 Words   |  6 Pagesand opinions on the matter – denying her a voice in her own future. Regardless of how Kate is portrayed at the play’s beginning, it is through her ‘taming’ that Shakespeare acquiesces to traditional patriarchal beliefs. The use of language throughout the play is constantly derogatory towards women, supporting the patriarchal view of femininity being subsidiary. Upon first glance of Bianca, Lucentio remarks of how â€Å"But in the other s silence do I see, Maid s mild behavior and sobriety. Peace, Tranio

Cultural Safety of The Nurses Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCultural Safety of The Nurses Practices. Answer: Self-confidence as the culture Self-confidence or self-esteem will be related to the cultural safety of the nurses practices. It will provide the nurses with cultural sensitivity. It will also prevent the negative perceptions and will enable them to engage in experienced service Reflective practice by using Gibbs reflective model This model will thus support the nurses to work with self confidence in the surrounding environment. This will be critical to develop the cultural practice of the self confidence among the nurses. Description Self-confidence as a culture will shape the area of thenursing profession among the nurses. It will allow the nurses to place them superior in their tasks, perceive the world in a very dutiful manner. The nurses should have the trust on their own abilities and qualities and perform any task easily. The quality of self identity will enable to perform their duties in culturally competent manner. The personal culture of self confidence will help in their professional practice. Feelings Since the identity acts as the cultural recognition, there should not be any negative recognition of the self identity aspect. The self confidence means a lot to the nurses. This is because it will give a feeling of personal satisfaction and will also help the patients by providing them with best quality services. The services are to be provided irrespective of the individual gender, occupation, socio economic status, ethnic backgrounds, migration. Evaluation Evaluation of self confidence showed that this code of professions practiced by the nurses is very helpful. The nurses must use this self identity in their practice because it will help them to manage any critical situation regarding the differences in cultures. The nurses must be trained and evaluated to see that their self confidence is present. In order to achieve self confidence the nurses must set their goals and be motivated. Self confidence in any work will help to fulfill the principles of the cultural safety in broad spectrum. Analysis Thenursing and midwifery council code of professional conduct states that self confidence will n be useful to give the best quality services to the patient in any condition. This is also essential in promotion of the learning among the nurses. This will help to recognize the differences and equally accept the diversity in human behavior and social structure. Conclusion Self confidence as an aspect of self identity will be helpful for the nurses to respect all the behavior of the different people. This will help to resolve effective and equitable service. Action plan Cultural safety learning will include the outcome of the self confidence in the nursing practice. They must ensure and demonstrate the flexibility in the relationship with people who are different from themselves. Self confidence and self esteem will also provide positivity in the cultural competence in health care. As a wavetool As a wavetool, I will stand in the position to be competent enough to give high quality health care to all the culturally different people in unique ways. With self esteem and confidence I might induce the same to other people. This will be a way of showing respect to all the people with different cultural backgrounds. This has helped to change a lot from the previous situation. Cultural identity also is a part of personal identity. Thus modification of the personal qualities will help them to pay respect to other people beliefs (Potter et al, 2016). The new information that I can seek is to know all the cultural description of the patient that will be treated. This could be done by communicating them if possible. At first, there could be a challenge while dealing with differences in values of other people. The personal self esteem can influence them and make them understand a treatment procedure. Sometimes the treatment procedures can harm other people thought and that can be remove d by self identity. In this part the reading from the Cultural safety in Aotearoa that has helped me to understand the concepts of cultural safety (Banks, Kelly, 2015). References Banks, L., Kelly, M. (2015). Cultural safety and theNursing Council of New Zealand.Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand, 26. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2016).Fundamentals of Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Types of Accountability free essay sample

In a few cases, recall elections can be used to revoke the office of an elected official. Generally, however, voters do not have any direct way of holding elected representatives to account during the term for which they have been elected. Additionally, some officials and legislators may be appointed rather than elected. Constitution, or statute, can empower a legislative body to hold their own members, the government, and government bodies to account. This can be through holding an internal or independent inquiry. Inquiries are usually held in response to an allegation of misconduct or corruption. The powers, procedures and sanctions vary from country to country. The legislature may have the power to impeach the individual, remove them, or suspend them from office for a period of time. The accused person might also decide to resign before trial. Impeachment in the United States has been used both for elected representatives and other civil offices, such as district court judges. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Accountability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In parliamentary systems, the government relies on the support or parliament, which gives parliament power to hold the government to account. For example, some parliaments can pass a vote of no confidence in the government. [edit] Ethical accountability Ethical accountability is the practice of improving overall personal and organizational performance by developing and promoting responsible tools and professional expertise, and by advocating an effective enabling environment for people and organizations to embrace a culture of sustainable development. Ethical accountability may include the individual, as well as small and large businesses, not-for-profit organizations, research institutions and academics, and government. One scholarly paper has posited that it is unethical to plan an action for social change without excavating the knowledge and wisdom of the people who are responsible for implementing the plans of action and the people whose lives will be affected. [14] [edit] Administrative accountability Internal rules and norms as well as some independent commission are mechanisms to hold civil servant within the administration of government accountable. Within department or ministry, firstly, behavior is bounded by rules and regulations; secondly, civil servants are subordinates in a hierarchy and accountable to superiors. Nonetheless, there are independent â€Å"watchdog† units to scrutinize and hold departments accountable; legitimacy of these commissions is built upon their independence, as it avoids any conflicts of interest. Apart from internal checks, some â€Å"watchdog† units accept complaints from citizens, bridging government and society to hold civil servants accountable to citizens, but not merely governmental departments. [edit] Market accountability Under voices for decentralization and privatization of the government, services provided are nowadays more â€Å"customer-driven† and should aim to provide convenience and various choices to citizens; with this perspective, there are comparisons and competition between public and private services and this, ideally, improves quality of service. As mentioned by Bruce Stone, the standard of assessment for accountability is therefore â€Å"responsiveness of service providers to a body of ‘sovereign’ customers and produce quality service. Outsourcing service is one means to adopt market accountability. Government can choose among a shortlist of companies for outsourced service; within the contracting period, government can hold the company by rewriting contracts or by choosing another company. [edit] Constituency relations Within this perspective, a particular agency or the government is accountable f voices from agencies, groups or institutions, which is outside the public sector and representing citizens’ interests in a particular constituency or field, are heard. Moreover, the government is obliged to empower members of agencies with political rights to run for elections and be elected; or, appoint them into the public sector as a way to hold the government representative and ensure voices from all const ituencies are included in policy-making process. [edit] Public/private overlap With the increase over the last several decades in public service provision by private entities, especially in Britain and the United States, some have called for increased political accountability mechanisms to be applied to otherwise non-political entities. Legal scholar Anne Davies, for instance, argues that the line between public institutions and private entities like corporations is becoming blurred in certain areas of public service provision in the United Kingdom and that this can compromise political accountability in those areas. She and others argue that some administrative law reforms are necessary to address this accountability gap. [15] With respect to the public/private overlap in the United States, public concern over the contracting out of government (including military) services and the resulting accountability gap has been highlighted recently following the shooting incident involving the Blackwater security firm in Iraq. [16]